Spiritual identity defined as self identification based on spirituality and spiritual experiences, has gained increasing attention during recent years. Considering the phenomenological nature of spirituality and difficulties in its measurement, the scientific study of spiritual identity as a unified construct began a few decades ago. Considering the fact that very little quantitative research is available in this area, the aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of spiritual identity in the relationship between parent and peer attachment and resilience. Participants were 280 (174 girls, 106 boys) students of Shiraz University. Data collection tools consisted of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Conner-Davidson’s Resilience Scale (CD-RIS) and the Spiritual Identity Questionnaire (SIQ). Results showed that parent and peer attachment predicted resiliency both directly and indirectly through components of spiritual identity. Parent attachment predicted resilience through metaphysical beliefs and peer attachment predicted resilience through moral beliefs. Conclusively, results of this study showed that emotional relations with significant people in life had an important effect on resilience through spiritual identity. Results can help counselors and health experts to help young people cope better with their problems through the identification and addressing the role of spiritual identity and its components.