Volume 17, Issue 2 (12-2022)                   bjcp 2022, 17(2): 21-33 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print

Effects of Emotion Regulation Training on Cognitive Flexibility and Loneliness in Self - Reported Addicts
Maryam Ghavami1 , Kobra Kazemiyan Moghadam *2 , Maryam Gholamzadeh Jofreh1 , Masoud Shahbazi3
1- Department of Counseling, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2- Department of Psychology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran , k.kazemian@yahoo.com
3- Department of Counseling, Masjed Soleiman branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed Soleiman, Iran
Abstract:   (2412 Views)
The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the effect of emotion regulation training on cognitive flexibility and loneliness in addicts. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research includes all addicts who self-reported to the welfare organization of  the City of Shiraz in the first six months of 2022. Among these, a sample of 30 participants were selected and randomly placed in one experimental and one control group (N= 15 in each group). The experimental group was subjected to the emotion regulation training for eight sessions of 90 minutes, while no intervention was allocated to the control group. The questionnaires used in this research included the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis & VanderWal, 2010) and The Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adalts Scale (DiTommaso & Spinner, 1997). The research data was analyzed using multivariate and univariate covariance test and SPSS-25 software. The results showed that emotion regulation training has a significant impact on increasing flexibility and reducing the feeling of loneliness in addicted people. The adverse consequences of drug addiction and its destructive role in mental health overshadow the process of personal, social and professional life and even the personal and family life of this group, so it is necessary to take appropriate measures to improve the psychological, emotional and the behavior of these people. Based on this, it is necessary to use appropriate psychological interventions that improve psychological capabilities and interpersonal relationships and reduce their psychological symptoms.
Keywords: emotion regulation training, cognitive flexibility, social and emotional loneliness
Full-Text [PDF 524 kb]   (561 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: General
Received: 2023/09/1 | Revised: 2023/10/31 | Accepted: 2023/12/10 | ePublished ahead of print: 2023/12/10
References
1. Aazami, Y., Sohrabi, F., Borjali, A., & Chopan, H. (2013). The Effectiveness of Teaching Emotion Regulation Based on Gross Model on Reducing Anger in Drug-Dependent People. Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy, 4(16), 53-68. (In Persian)
2. Adigun, O. T. (2017). Depression and individuals with hearing loss: A systematic review. J Psychol Psychother, 7, 323-330. [DOI:10.4172/2161-0487.1000323]
3. Aghajani, S., Ahmadi, S., & Fllahi, V. (2021). Causal Modeling of Tendency to Addiction Based on Anxiety Sensitivity Mediated by Mediation Difficult in Emotion Regulation in Male Adolescents. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 28(4), 477-488.
4. Allen, L. B., McHugh, R. K., & Barlow, D. H. (2008). Emotional disorders: A unified protocol. In D. H. Barlow (Ed.), Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A Step-by-Step Treatment Manual (pp. 216-249). New York, US: Guilford Press.
5. Argyle, M., & Lu, L. (2010). The happiness of extraverts. Personality and Individual Differences, 11(10), 1011-7. [DOI:10.1016/0191-8869(90)90128-E]
6. Asadi Asadabad, R., Imani, S., Fathabadi, J., & Noroozi, A. (2022). Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention Group Therapy and Treatment as Usual on Positive and Negative Perfectionism in Men with Opioid Use Disorder: A Comparative Investigation. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 13(3), 343-359. (In Persian) [DOI:10.5812/ijhrba.117042]
7. Ashori, M., & Rashidi, A. (2019). Effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation strategies training on cognitive flexibility in deaf students. Empowering Exceptional Children, 10(2), 250-259. (In Persian)
8. Asman-Kanari, M. (2018). Qualitative investigation of the effective factors on drug addiction withdrawal of successful drug addicts. Counseling master's thesis. Allameh Tabatabaei University, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
9. Benoy, C., Knitter, B., Knellwolf, L., Doering, S., Klotsche, J., & Gloster, A. T. (2019). Assessing psychological flexibility: Validation of the Open and Engaged State Questionnaire. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 253-260. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.08.005]
10. Boron, Z., Dokaneei fard, F., & Fattahi Andabil, A. (2023/1402). The effectiveness of a resilience-based curriculum on impulsivity and psychological flexibility in addiction-prone adolescents. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 14(1), 31-47. (In Persian)
11. Brassell, A. A., Rosenberg, E., Parent, J., Rough, J. N., Fondacaro, K., & Seehuus, M. (2018). Parent's psychological flexibility: Associations with parenting and child psychosocial wellbeing. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5(2), 111-120. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.03.001]
12. Breslau, J., Yu, H., Han, B., Pacula, R. L., Burns, R. M., & Stein, B. D. (2017). Did the dependent coverage expansion increase risky substance use among young adults? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 178, 556-561. [DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.017] [PMID] []
13. Burch, J. M. (2017). The Role of Emotion Regulation in the Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Youth Anxiety and Depression. Doctoral dissertation, Fairleigh Dickinson University.
14. Buruck, G., Dörfel, D., Kugler, J., & Brom, S. S. (2016). Enhancing well-being at work: The role of emotion regulation skills as personal resources. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 21(4), 480-497. [DOI:10.1037/ocp0000023] [PMID]
15. Cooley, J. L., & Fite, P. J. (2016). Peer victimization and forms of aggression during middle childhood: the role of emotion regulation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(3), 535-546. [DOI:10.1007/s10802-015-0051-6] [PMID]
16. Dennis, J., & VanderWal, J. (2010). The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(3), 53-241. [DOI:10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4]
17. DiTommaso, E., & Spinner, B. (1997). Social and emotional loneliness: A reexamination of Weiss' typology of loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 417-27. [DOI:10.1016/S0191-8869(96)00204-8]
18. Dong, G., & Potenza, M. N. (2014). A cognitive-behavioral model of Internet gaming disorder: theoretical underpinnings and clinical implications. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 58, 7-11. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.07.005] [PMID] []
19. Fu, X., & Zhang, J. (2017). The influence of strategy video game and its background music on cognitive control. EC Psychology and Psychiatry, 2(1), 15-25. [DOI:10.15761/MHAR.1000125]
20. Garrosa, E., Carmona-Cobo, I., Moreno-Jimenez, B., & Sanz-Vergel, A. (2014). Emotional impact of workplace incivility and verbal abuse at work: Daily recovery influence. Annals of Psychology, 31(1), 190-198.
21. Ghorbani, M., Kazemi Zahrani, H., Mohammadi, M., & Ebrahimi Jozdani, F. (2018). In the research entitled the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on cognitive flexibility, distress tolerance and emotional expression of adolescent boys with behavioral problems, the third international conference on innovation and research in educational sciences. Management and psychology. Tehran. Iran. (In Persian)
22. Gloster, A. T., Meyer, A. H., & Lieb, R. (2017). Psychological flexibility as a malleable public health target: Evidence from a representative sample. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(2), 87-95. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.02.003]
23. Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2010). Emotion regulation as a mechanism of change in acceptance-and mindfulness-based treatments. In R. A. Baer (Ed.), Assessing mindfulness and acceptance: Illuminating the processes of change. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
24. Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39(3), 281-291. [DOI:10.1017/S0048577201393198] [PMID]
25. Holley, S. R., Ewing, S. T., Stiver, J. T., & Bloch, L. (2018). The relationship between emotion regulation, executive functioning, and aggressive behaviors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(11), 1692-1707. [DOI:10.1177/0886260515592619] [PMID]
26. Johnco, C., Wuthrich, V., & Rappee, R. (2014). The influence of cognitive flexibility on treatment outcome and cognitive restructuring skill acquisition during cognitive behavioural tretment for anxiety and deoression in older adults: results of a pilot study. Behavioural Research and Therapy, 10, 1-33. [DOI:10.1016/j.brat.2014.04.005] [PMID]
27. Jokar, B., & Salimi, A. (2011). Psychometric properties of the short form of social and emotional loneliness scale for adults, Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 5(4), 311-317. (In Persian)
28. Karbalayi, F., Hasani, J., & Noori Ghasemabadi, R. (2020). The relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depression in female university students involved in romantic relationships: The mediating role of interpersonal problems. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 11(2), 273-291. (In Persian)
29. Kashefizadeh, M., Taher, M., Hosseinkhanzadeh, A. A., & Haj Abootalebi, N. (2023). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness, and Motivational Interviewing on Intentional Self-Regulation in Individuals with Substance Use Disorder under Maintenance Therapy. Etiadpajohi, 16(66), 171-192. (In Persian) [DOI:10.52547/etiadpajohi.16.66.171]
30. Kazemi Rezaei, S. V., Kakabraee, K., & Hosseini, S. S. (2019). The effectiveness of emotion regulation skill training based on dialectical behavioral therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences, 22(4), 98-111. (In Persian) [DOI:10.32598/JAMS.22.4.90]
31. Kitazawa, M., Yoshimura, M., Hitokoto, H., Sato-Fujimoto, Y., Murata, M., Negishi, K., Mimura, M., Tsubota, K., & Kishimoto, T. (2019). Survey of the effects of internet usage on the happiness of Japanese university students. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 17(1), 151-60. [DOI:10.1186/s12955-019-1227-5] [PMID] []
32. Klemanski, D. H., Curtiss, J., McLaughlin, K. A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. )2017(. Emotion Regulation and the Transdiagnostic Role of Repetitive Negative Thinking in Adolescents with Social Anxiety and Depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(2), 206-219. [DOI:10.1007/s10608-016-9817-6] [PMID] []
33. Lenoue, S. R., & Riggs, P. D. (2016). Substance abuse prevention. Center to Advance Palliative Care, 25(2), 297-305. [DOI:10.1016/j.chc.2015.11.007] [PMID]
34. Maslak, L., & Kiani, G. (2021). The effect of teaching cognitive emotion regulation strategy on the tendency to addiction and impulsivity in the children of addicts in Zanjan: A Randomized Educational Trial Study. The Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 20 (7), 783-800. (In Persian) [DOI:10.52547/jrums.20.7.783]
35. Miles, S. R., Thompson, K. E., Stanley, M. A., & Kent, T. A. (2018). Single-session emotion regulation skills training to reduce aggression in combat veterans: A clinical innovation case study. Psychological Services, 13(2), 170-177. [DOI:10.1037/ser0000071] [PMID]
36. Miller, P. M. (2013). Principles of Addiction: Comprehensive addictive behaviors and disorders. Academic Press.
37. Moghtedri, S., Haji Alizadeh, K., Samawi, A. W., & Amirfakhraei, A. (2021). Investigating the structural relationship model between social support and life satisfaction mediated by self-esteem, loneliness, and self-control in substance-dependent individuals. Etiadpajohi, 14(58), 171-190. (In Persian)
38. Niklas, K., Niklas, A. A., Majewski, D., & Puszczewicz, M. (2016). Rheumatic diseases induced by drugs and environmental factors: the state- of-the-art-part one. Reumatologia, 54(3), 122-127. [DOI:10.5114/reum.2016.61212] [PMID] []
39. Omidian, S., Kazemian Moghadam, K., & Haroon Rshidi, H. (2022). The Effectiveness of Compassion-Based Therapy on Distress Tolerance and Relationship Beliefs of Women with Substance-Dependent Spouses. Etiadpajohi, 16(64), 309-327. (In Persian) [DOI:10.52547/etiadpajohi.16.64.309]
40. Reneman, L., Booij., J., De Bruin, K., Reitsma, J. B., De Wolff, F. A., Gunning, W. B., & Van den Brink, W. (2011). Effects of dose, sex, and long-term abstention from use on toxic effects of MDMA (ecstasy) on brain serotonin neurons. The Lancet, 358(9296), 1864-1869. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06888-X] [PMID]
41. Rezaei Dehnavi, S., Dehghani, A., Rashidi, S., & Shojaee, S. (2019). The Impact of Emotion Regulation Training on Social Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Child Ment Health, 6(1), 138-148. (In Persian) [DOI:10.29252/jcmh.6.1.12]
42. Salo, R., Gabay, S., Fassbender, C., & Henik, A. (2011). Distributed attentional deficits in chronic methamphetamine abusers: evidence from the Attentional Network Task (ANT). Brain and Cognition, 77(3), 446-452. [DOI:10.1016/j.bandc.2011.08.012] [PMID] []
43. Sasson, S., Ramsey, S., & Schaid, M. E. (2016). Emotion Regulation Training: Engaging in Cognitive Reappraisal May Reduce Likelihood of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration. Violence Research Digest, 1(1), 12-19.
44. Schneider, R. L., Arch, J. J., Landy, L. N., & Hankin, B. L. (2017). The Longitudinal Effect of Emotion Regulation Strategies on Anxiety Levels in Children and Adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 10, 1-14.
45. Sosa, G. W., & Lagana, L. (2019). The effects of video game training on the cognitive functioning of older adults: A community-based randomized controlled trial. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 80, 20-30. [DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2018.04.012] [PMID]
46. Tarkhan, M., Neshatdost, H. T., & Tarkhan, M. (2020). The effectiveness of compassion focused therapy on cognitive flexibility and social sufficiency of women with marital conflicts. Social Cognition, 9(18), 137-152. (In Persian)
47. Tice, D. M., & Bratslavsky, E. (2000). Giving in to Feel Good: The Place of Emotion Regulation in the Context of General Self-control, Psychological Inquiry, 11, 149-159. [DOI:10.1207/S15327965PLI1103_03]
48. VonGeusau, N. A., Stalenhoef, P., Huizinga, M., Snel, J., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2014). Impaired executive function in male MDMA (ecstasy) users. Psychopharmacology, 175(3), 331-441. [DOI:10.1007/s00213-004-1832-8] [PMID]
49. Zhou, M. (2015). Moderating effect of self-determination in the relationship between Big Five personality and academic performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 86(2), 385-389 [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.005]
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.