Volume 19, Issue 1 (7-2024)                   bjcp 2024, 19(1): 78-88 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print

The Role of Sense of Coherence, Brain-Behavioral Systems and Attributional Styles in Predicting Interpersonal Skills of Depressed Patients
Seyyede Mahsa Mousavi *1 , Abbas Abolghasemi2 , Nader Hajlou3 , Akbar Atadakht3
1- Ph.D. student of psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran , m.mousavi@uma.ac.ir
2- Professor, Department of Psychology, Gilan University, Gilan, Iran
3- Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Abstract:   (1455 Views)
Interpersonal skills are proposed as an important framework for understanding and developing mental and social health. Patients with depression have serious disorders in interpersonal skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of a sense of coherence, brain-behavioral systems, and attributional styles in predicting the interpersonal skills of people with major depression. The current research is fundamental in nature and descriptive correlation regarding purpose. In this research, 100 major depressed patients admitted to Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tabriz city were selected using the available sampling method. Then, using measurement tools including Beck depression inventory (BDI), interpersonal skills questionnaire (ISQ), sense of coherence (SOC), brain behavioral systems (BBS), and attributional styles questionnaire (ASQ), the role of sense of coherence, brain-behavioral systems and attributional styles in predicting interpersonal skills of these patients were investigated. Data analysis used Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis using SPSS23 software. The results showed that attribution styles explain 13.8% of the variance of interpersonal skills of depressed patients. These results state that attributional styles predict the interpersonal skills of depressed patients. According to the results of this research, it is suggested that experts include attributional styles in the care plan of depressed patients.Interpersonal skills are proposed as an important framework for understanding and developing mental and social health. Patients with depression have serious disorders in interpersonal skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of a sense of coherence, brain-behavioral systems, and attributional styles in predicting the interpersonal skills of people with major depression. The current research is fundamental in nature and descriptive correlation regarding purpose. In this research, 100 major depressed patients admitted to Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tabriz city were selected using the available sampling method. Then, using measurement tools including Beck depression inventory (BDI), interpersonal skills questionnaire (ISQ), sense of coherence (SOC), brain behavioral systems (BBS), and attributional styles questionnaire (ASQ), the role of sense of coherence, brain-behavioral systems and attributional styles in predicting interpersonal skills of these patients were investigated. Data analysis used Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis using SPSS23 software. The results showed that attribution styles explain 13.8% of the variance of interpersonal skills of depressed patients. These results state that attributional styles predict the interpersonal skills of depressed patients. According to the results of this research, it is suggested that experts include attributional styles in the care plan of depressed patients.
Article number: 6
Keywords: Depression, Sense of Coherence, Brain-Behavioral Systems, Attributional Styles, Interpersonal Skills
Full-Text [PDF 566 kb]   (1 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2024/03/4 | Revised: 2025/07/18 | Accepted: 2025/07/24 | ePublished ahead of print: 2025/10/5 | Published: 2026/01/16
References
1. Abbaszadeh, M., & Abbaszadeh, Y. (2021). The relationship between psychological capital and interpersonal communication skills with the job performance of primary school teachers in Qaem Shahr during the covid-19 epidemic. Journal of Applied Research in Management and Humanitie, 2(4), 72-81. https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1649061690-10508-1400-28.pdf [In Persian]
2. Abdollahzadeh Fard, A., Ensef-Daran, A., & Hosseini, M. (2022). The relationship between depression, anxiety, and cognitive abilities in middle-aged women: The mediating role of mindfulness. Contemporary Psychology: Iranian Psychological Association Biannual, 17(2), 117-126. https://bjcp.ir/article-1-2049-fa.pdf [In Persian]
3. Antonovsky, A. (1993). The structure and properties of the sense of coherence scale. Social Science & Medicine, 36(6), 725-733. [DOI:10.1016/0277-9536(93)90033-Z] [PMID]
4. Anyfantakis, D., Symvoulakis, E. K., Linardakis, M., Shea, S., Panagiotakos, D., & Lionis, C. (2015). Effect of religiosity/spirituality and sense of coherence on depression within a rural population in Greece. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1), 1-7. [DOI:10.1186/s12888-015-0561-3] [PMID] []
5. Asgharnezhad, R., & Abdi, R. (2018). Study of the mediation role of acceptance and mindfulness in relation between behavioral inhibition/activation system sensitivity and emotional distress. International Archives of Health Sciences, 5(3), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.4103/iahs.iahs_20_18 [DOI:10.4103/iahs.iahs_20_18 [In Persian]]
6. Atashkar, R., Fathi-Ashtiani, A., & Azad-fallah, P. (2007). The relationship between extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism with brain/behavioral systems. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 1(2), 103-111. https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67565.html [In Persian]
7. Baghaei Pour, M., Sajadian, S., Eilnaz, M., & Golparvar, M. (2022). The effectiveness of a self-worth therapeutic package on rumination and self-criticism in depressed women. Contemporary Psychology: Iranian Psychological Association Biannual, 17(1), 29-42. https://bjcp.ir/article-1-1936-fa.pdf [In Persian]
8. Baldwin, D. R., Jackson, D., Okoh, I., & Cannon, R. L. (2011). Resiliency and optimism: An African American senior citizen's perspective. Journal of Black Psychology, 37(1), 24-41. [DOI:10.1177/0095798410364394]
9. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck depression inventory. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/t00742-000 [DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004] [PMID]
10. Biuckians, A., Miklowitz, D. J., & Kim, E. Y. (2007). Behavioral activation, inhibition and mood symptoms in early-onset bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 97(1-3), 71-76. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2006.07.005] [PMID] []
11. Brophy, K., Brähler, E., Hinz, A., Schmidt, S., & Körner, A. (2020). The role of self-compassion in the relationship between attachment, depression, and quality of life. Journal of Affective Disorders, 260, 45-52. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.066] [PMID]
12. Bruijnen, C. J., Young, S. Y., Marx, M., & Seedat, S. (2019). Social anxiety disorder and childhood trauma in the context of anxiety (behavioural inhibition), impulsivity (behavioural activation) and quality of life. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 25, 1-7. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajpsyc/article/view/184126 [DOI:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v25i0.1189] [PMID] []
13. Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 319-333. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319 [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319] []
14. De Silva, M. J., Cooper, S., Li, H. L., Lund, C., & Patel, V. (2013). Effect of psychosocial interventions on social functioning in depression and schizophrenia. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(4), 253-260. [DOI:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.118018] [PMID] []
15. Dezutter, J., Wiesmann, U., Apers, S., & Luyckx, K. (2013). Sense of coherence, depressive feelings and life satisfaction in older persons: A closer look at the role of integrity and despair. Aging & Mental Health, 17(7), 839-843. [DOI:10.1080/13607863.2013.792780] [PMID]
16. dos Santos Oliveira, S. J. G., Dos Reis, C. L., Cipolotti, R., Gurgel, R. Q., Santos, V. S., & Martins-Filho, P. R. S. (2017). Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in mothers of newborns with microcephaly and presumed congenital Zika virus infection: A follow-up study during the first year after birth. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 20, 473-475. [DOI:10.1007/s00737-017-0724-y] [PMID]
17. Efrati‐Virtzer, M., & Margalit, M. (2009). Students' behaviour difficulties, sense of coherence and adjustment at school: Risk and protective factors. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 24(1), 59-73. [DOI:10.1080/08856250802596758]
18. Ghassemzadeh, H., Mojtabai, R., Karamghadiri, N., & Ebrahimkhani, N. (2005). Psychometric properties of a Persian‐language version of the Beck depression inventory‐second edition. Depression and Anxiety, 21(4), 185-192. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20070 [DOI:10.1002/da.20070 [In Persian]] [PMID]
19. Hadidi, F. (2017). Relationship of Adolescents' Resilience to Mothers' Lifestyle and Attributional Styles. Quarterly Journal Family and Research, 14(1), 103-120. http://qjfr.ir/article-1-246-fa.html [In Persian]
20. Hammen, C., & Brennan, P. A. (2002). Interpersonal dysfunction in depressed women: Impairments independent of depressive symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 72(2), 145-156. [DOI:10.1016/S0165-0327(01)00455-4] [PMID]
21. Hanasabzadeh Esfahani, M., Yazdandoost, R., Asgharnejad-Farid, A., & Gharaee, B. (2011). Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on suicidal depressed patients: A qualitative study. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 5(1), 33-38. https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/916794 [In Persian]
22. High, A. C., & Solomon, D. H. (2014). Motivational systems and preferences for social support strategies. Motivation and Emotion, 38, 463-474. [DOI:10.1007/s11031-014-9394-5]
23. Hollon, S. D., & Kendall, P. C. (1980). Cognitive self-statements in depression: Development of an automatic thoughts questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 4, 383-395. [DOI:10.1007/BF01178214]
24. Huang, C. (2015). Relation between attributional style and subsequent depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 39, 721-735. [DOI:10.1007/s10608-015-9700-x]
25. Jensen-Campbell, L. A., Knack, J. M., Waldrip, A. M., & Campbell, S. D. (2007). Do big five personality traits associated with self-control influence the regulation of anger and aggression? Journal of Research in Personality, 41(2), 403-424. [DOI:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.05.001]
26. Khodapanahi, K. (2009). Physiological psychology. Tehran: Somit Publications. https://www.gisoom.com/book/1199778 [In Persian]
27. Klein, J. P., Kensche, M., Becker‐Hingst, N., Stahl, J., Späth, C., Mentler, T., ... & Schweiger, U. (2016). Development and psychometric evaluation of the interactive test of interpersonal behavior (ITIB): A pilot study examining interpersonal deficits in chronic depression. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 57(1), 83-91. [DOI:10.1111/sjop.12222] [PMID]
28. Koelen, M., Eriksson, M., & Cattan, M. (2017). Older people, sense of coherence and community. The Handbook of Salutogenesis, 137-149. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-04600-6] []
29. Lau, J. Y., Rijsdijk, F., & Eley, T. C. (2006). I think, therefore I am: A twin study of attributional style in adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(7), 696-703. [DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01532.x] [PMID]
30. Leary, M. R., & Miller, R. S. (2012). Social psychology and dysfunctional behavior: Origins, diagnosis, and treatment. Springer Science & Business Media. https://www.amazon.com/Social-Psychology-Dysfunctional-Behavior-Diagnosis/dp/0387963251
31. Levenson, J. L., McClish, D. K., Dahman, B. A., Bovbjerg, V. E., Citero, V. D. A., Penberthy, L. T., ... & Smith, W. R. (2008). Depression and anxiety in adults with sickle cell disease. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70(2), 192-196. [DOI:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31815ff5c5] [PMID]
32. Li, Y., Xu, Y., & Chen, Z. (2015). Effects of the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), behavioral activation system (BAS), and emotion regulation on depression: A one-year follow-up study in Chinese adolescents. Psychiatry Research, 230(2), 287-293. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.007] [PMID]
33. Lyons, A., Pitts, M., & Grierson, J. (2014). Sense of coherence as a protective factor for psychological distress among gay men: A prospective cohort study. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 27(6), 662-677. [DOI:10.1080/10615806.2014.887071] [PMID]
34. MacLaren, V. V., & Best, L. A. (2013). Disagreeable narcissism mediates an effect of BAS on addictive behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(2), 101-105. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2013.02.004]
35. Mellick, W., Sharp, C., & Alfano, C. (2014). The role of BIS/BAS in the vulnerability for depression in adolescent girls. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 17-21. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.003]
36. Mohammadi, K., Shahbazi, M., & Gholamzadeh Jofreh, M. (2021). The effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy on self-control and assertiveness in female students with self-injurious behaviors. Contemporary Psychology: Iranian Psychological Association Biannual, 16(1), 129-143. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20081243.1400.16.1.10.8 [In Persian]
37. O'Connor, R. M., Stewart, S. H., & Watt, M. C. (2009). Distinguishing BAS risk for university students' drinking, smoking, and gambling behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 514-519. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2008.12.002]
38. O'Shea, G., Spence, S. H., & Donovan, C. L. (2014). Interpersonal factors associated with depression in adolescents: Are these consistent with theories underpinning interpersonal psychotherapy? Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 21(6), 548-558. [DOI:10.1002/cpp.1849] [PMID]
39. Pardo, Y., Aguilar, R., Molinuevo, B., & Torrubia, R. (2007). Alcohol use as a behavioural sign of disinhibition: Evidence from JA Gray's model of personality. Addictive Behaviors, 32(10), 2398-2403. [DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.02.010] [PMID]
40. Pinto-Meza, A., Caseras, X., Soler, J., Puigdemont, D., Pérez, V., & Torrubia, R. (2006). Behavioural inhibition and behavioural activation systems in current and recovered major depression participants. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(2), 215-226. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.021]
41. Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Tóth-Király, I. (2020). The development and validation of the compassion scale. Assessment, 27(1), 21-39. [DOI:10.1177/1073191119874108] [PMID]
42. Raymond, K. L., & Matson, J. L. (1989). Social skills in the hearing impaired. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18(3), 247-258. [DOI:10.1207/s15374424jccp1803_8]
43. Roshani, F., Nejati, V., & Fathabadi, J. (2021). The effect of memory bias modification on remediation of behavioral symptoms and memory dysfunction in depressed patients: A preliminary study. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 11(4), 149-164. [DOI:10.22059/japr.2021.301388.643502 [In Persian]]
44. Rothman, A. J., Salovey, P., Turvey, C., & Fishkin, S. A. (1993). Attributions of responsibility and persuasion: increasing mammography utilization among women over 40 with an internally oriented message. Health Psychology, 12(1), 39-47. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0278-6133.12.1.39 [DOI:10.1037/0278-6133.12.1.39] [PMID]
45. Sadok V., Sadok, B., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Kaplan and Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. Translated by Mehdi Ganji. Tehran: Savalan Publications. https://www.adinehbook.com/product/6007432270 [In Persian]
46. Sanjuán, P., & Magallares, A. (2009). A longitudinal study of the negative explanatory style and attributions of uncontrollability as predictors of depressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(7), 714-718. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.030]
47. Sanjuán, P., Pérez, A., Rueda, B., & Ruiz, Á. (2008). Interactive effects of attributional styles for positive and negative events on psychological distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(2), 187-190. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2008.03.004]
48. Seligman, M. E., Abramson, L. Y., Semmel, A., & Von Baeyer, C. (1979). Depressive attributional style. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88(3), 242-247. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-843X.88.3.242 [DOI:10.1037/0021-843X.88.3.242] [PMID]
49. Sepulveda, A. R., Lopez, C., Macdonald, P., & Treasure, J. (2008). Feasibility and acceptability of DVD and telephone coaching‐based skills training for carers of people with an eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 41(4), 318-325. [DOI:10.1002/eat.20502] [PMID]
50. Skärsäter, I., Rayens, M. K., Peden, A., Hall, L., Zhang, M., Ågren, H., & Prochazka, H. (2009). Sense of coherence and recovery from major depression: A 4-year follow-up. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 23(2), 119-127. [DOI:10.1016/j.apnu.2008.04.007] [PMID]
51. Wytykowska, A., & Lewicka, M. (2011). Learning the affective value of target categories: The role of category valence and the behavioural inhibition system. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 944-948. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.003]
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.