Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2025)                   bjcp 2025, 20(1): 31-49 | Back to browse issues page

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The Relationship between Parenting Styles, Self-Esteem, Resilience, and the Impostor Phenomenon in High School Students
Mohammadbagher Kajbaf *1 , Nasim Rezaei2 , Roya Ashoori2
1- Professor, Department of Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran , m.b.kaj@edu.ui.ac.ir
2- Ph.D. Student in General Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract:   (593 Views)
The impostor phenomenon (IP) refers to a sense of deception among individuals who underestimate their abilities and attribute their successes to external factors, leading to negative emotions, adverse motivations, and reduced well-being. The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the relationship between parenting styles and the mediating role of self-esteem and resilience. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this research included all male and female secondary school students in the academic year of 2023-2024 in Farsan city, and 230 students were investigated using the available sampling method. In this research, Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (1985), Baumrind Parenting Style Inventory (1967), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Questionnaire (1965) and Connor-Davidson’s resilience scale (2003) were used. The findings showed that permissive parenting style only directly affects the impostor phenomenon; authoritative parenting style does not have a direct effect on the impostor phenomenon but indirectly affects the impostor phenomenon through the mediation of self-esteem and resilience; authoritarian parenting style affects the impostor phenomenon both directly and indirectly through the mediation of self-esteem and resilience. Therefore, self-esteem plays a mediating role in the relationship between authoritative parenting style and the impostor phenomenon and the relationship between authoritarian parenting style and the impostor phenomenon; also, resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between authoritative parenting style and the impostor phenomenon and the relationship between authoritarian parenting style and the impostor phenomenon. It can be concluded that parenting styles have distinct effects on the impostor phenomenon; the permissive style is directly related, while the authoritative and authoritarian styles are indirectly related to impostor phenomenon through self-esteem and resilience. The results of the research highlight the importance of self-esteem and resilience as key factors in understanding the relationship between parenting styles and the impostor phenomenon. Psychologists can use these findings to prevent and control the impostor phenomenon in students.
Article number: 3
Keywords: Impostor Phenomenon, Parenting Styles, Self-Esteem, Resilience
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Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2024/12/14 | Revised: 2026/01/5 | Accepted: 2026/02/9 | ePublished ahead of print: 2026/02/10 | Published: 2026/02/19
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