Volume 20, Issue 2 (3-2026)                   bjcp 2026, 20(2): 0-0 | Back to browse issues page

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The Predicting of Schadenfreude Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas and Emotional Empathy in People with Borderline Personality Disorder Traits
Marzieh Alsadat Salari1 , Fatemeh Golshani *2
1- MA in Clinical Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , fa_golshan@yahoo.com
Abstract:   (12 Views)
The present study aimed to predict schadenfreude based on early maladaptive schemas and emotional empathy among individuals with borderline personality traits. This descriptive correlational study was conducted among university students in Yazd, Iran, during the 2023–2024 academic year. A total of 160 participants were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI; Leichsenring, 1999), the Young Schema Questionnaire–Short Form (YSQ-SF; Young, 1998), the Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy (QMEE; Mehrabian & Epstein, 1972), and the Scenario Schadenfreude Scale (SS; James et al., 2014). The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression in SPSS version 27. The findings indicated a significant positive relationship between early maladaptive schemas and schadenfreude, and a significant negative relationship between emotional empathy and schadenfreude (p < .05). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the impaired autonomy and performance and impaired limits schema domains positively predicted schadenfreude, whereas reactive empathy and emotional stability negatively predicted it. The regression model was statistically significant, and the predictor variables jointly explained 32% of the variance in schadenfreude (R² = .32, p < .001). The findings suggest that early maladaptive schemas and emotional empathy play important roles in predicting schadenfreude among individuals with borderline personality traits and may be considered important psychological factors in designing clinical interventions.
Keywords: Early Maladaptive Schema, Emotional Empathy, Schadenfreude, Borderline Personality Disorder
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Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2025/10/25 | Revised: 2026/09/7 | Accepted: 2026/09/29 | Published: 2027/03/6
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