Volume 20, Issue 2 (3-2026)                   bjcp 2026, 20(2): 34-45 | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print


1- Master Student of Cognitive Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2- Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran , hamidoreyzi59@gmail.com
Abstract:   (93 Views)
The present study examined the relationship between childhood trauma and meaning in life in adulthood, with the mediating role of forgiveness. This research employed a descriptive-correlational design using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of students at the University of Isfahan during the first half of 1404 (2025–2026). From this population, 270 students were selected through convenience sampling and completed the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form (CTQ-SF). Data were analyzed using SEM. The results indicated that childhood trauma had a significant negative effect on meaning in life (β=−0.32) and forgiveness (β=−0.52). In addition, forgiveness showed a significant positive effect on meaning in life (β=0.75, p<0.05). Furthermore, forgiveness played a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and meaning in life (β=−0.39, p<0.05), and could attenuate the negative impact of trauma. The proposed conceptual model accounted for 79% of the variance in meaning in life, and the model fit indices were within acceptable ranges. Therefore, it can be concluded that childhood trauma influences meaning in life in adulthood both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of forgiveness. These findings highlight the importance of forgiveness in mitigating the adverse effects of childhood trauma and may provide guidance for the development of psychological interventions and therapeutic programs.
Full-Text [PDF 440 kb]   (1 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2025/08/18 | Revised: 2026/06/12 | Accepted: 2026/06/12 | ePublished ahead of print: 2026/06/12 | Published: 2026/07/27

References
1. Allais, L. (2022). Forgiveness and Meaning in Life. In The Oxford Handbook of Meaning in Life (pp. 241-257). Oxford University Press. [DOI:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190063504.013.21]
2. Alnawas, I., Al Khateeb, A., Abu Farha, A., & Ndubisi, N. O. (2023). The effect of service failure severity on brand forgiveness: The moderating role of interpersonal attachment styles and thinking styles. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(5), 1691-1712. [DOI:10.1108/IJCHM-03-2022-0290]
3. Andrew, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C., Perry, B. D., & Giles, W. H. (2006). The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256(3), 174-186. [DOI:10.1007/s00406-005-0624-4] [PMID] [PMCID]
4. Bakhshizadeh A, Ebrahimi Moghaddam H, Mirhashemi M. (2025). The Structural Model of Mind-Reading Based on Childhood Trauma, Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Stress in Students, contemporary Psychology, 20(1), 78-88. [In Persian]
5. Batthyany, A., & Russo-Netzer, P. (2014). Psychologies of meaning. In A. Batthyany & P. Russo-Netzer (Eds.), Meaning in positive and existential psychology, 3(22), 78-87. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4939-0308-5_1]
6. Ebrahimi, M., Azkhosh, M., Shoaee, F., Foroughan, M., & Dolatshahi, B. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale. Rehabilitation Nursing Research, 4(12), 327-338. [In Persian] [DOI:10.21859/ijrn-03042]
7. Elam, T., & Taku, K. (2022). Differences Between Posttraumatic Growth and Resiliency: Their Distinctive Relationships With Empathy and Emotion Recognition Ability. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 825161. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.825161] [PMID] [PMCID]
8. Enright, R. D., & Fitzgibbons, R. P. (2015). Forgiveness therapy: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. American Psychological Association. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/14526-000 [DOI:10.1037/14526-000]
9. Eshraghi, S. M., & Shakibaei, S. (2021). The effect of forgiveness orientation and meaning in life on general health. In First International Conference on Educational Sciences, Psychology, Sports Science, and Training. [In Persian]
10. Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245-258. [DOI:10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8] [PMID]
11. Friedberg, F., McClure, J. M., & Allen, J. G. (2005). Forgiveness and health: A review and theoretical integration. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 28(1), 53-65. [DOI:10.1007/s10865-005-4660-3] [PMID]
12. Głaz, S. (2019). The Relationship of Forgiveness and Values with Meaning in Life of Polish Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(11),2088. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph16112088]
13. Haikola, A. (2023). I Felt Like I Wanted to Hug the Whole World: Forgiveness as an Embodied Emotional Narrative Process. Hu Arenas, 43(1), 324-335. [DOI:10.1007/s42087-023-00390-2]
14. Jabbari, A. (2023). Eight childhood traumas and their impact on body and mind. Journal of Clinical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra12603 [DOI:10.36713/epra12603 [In Persian]]
15. Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. Free Press.
16. Kafi, H., Malaei-Zarandi, H., & Manzari-Tavakoli, V. (2024). Effectiveness of positive psychology strategies training on forgiveness and death anxiety in elderly women. Journal of Aging Psychology, 10(1), 41-55. [DOI:10.22126/jap.2024.9649.1735 [In Persian]]
17. Lecy, N., Osteen, P. (2022). The Effects of Childhood Trauma on College Completion. Res High Educ, 63(1), 1058-1072 [DOI:10.1007/s11162-022-09677-9]
18. Liao, S., Mo, L., & Arpacıoğlu, S., Turanlar, T., & Çakıroğlu, S. (2024). CHILDHOOD MENTAL TRAUMAS AND THE MEANING OF LIFE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF FORGIVENESS. Psychiatria Danubin, 31(3), 351-358. [DOI:10.24869/psyd.2024.351] [PMID]
19. Madaeni bile dargh, R. Alizadeh fard, S. (2021). Exploring Structural Pattern of the Self-Harm Behaviors Based on Time Perception, Depression and Self Forgiveness in Adolescents. Contemporary Psychology, 16(1), 69-80. [In Persian] https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.20081243.1400.16.1.11.9
20. Masa'Deh, R., Sawalha, M. A., Maabreh, R. S., Aslanoğlu, A., Safieh, H. A., Elshatarat, R. A., Saleh, Z. T., Almagharbeh, W. T., Alnawafleh, K. A., & Al-Sayaghi, K. M. (2025). Perceived social support as a moderator of posttraumatic stress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Scientific reports, 15(1), 29252. [DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-07027-0] [PMID] [PMCID]
21. Mesrabadi, J., Jafarian, S., & Ostovar, N. (2013). Construct and diagnostic validity examination of the meaning in life questionnaire in students. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 84-95. [In Persian]
22. Miri, P., & Hosseinaei, A. (2023). The effect of childhood trauma on psychological symptoms with the mediation of psychological flexibility in female students aged 20-29. Journal of Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 24(3), 1-11.
23. Mo'tamed Monfared, S., Tizdast, T., & Azadikta, M. (2024). The relationship between separation schema and death anxiety in intensive care unit nurses: The mediating role of meaning in life and perceived social support. Rooyesh Psychology Journal, 13(10), 61-70. [In Persian]
24. Shameli, L., Bahram Ara, M., Mohammadi, M., & Hadian Fard, H. (2022). Relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental health with the mediation of experiential avoidance in female students. Psychological Achievements, 29(1), 57-78. [DOI:10.22055/psy.2022.39038.2756]
25. Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 80-93. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80 [DOI:10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80]
26. Öcalan, D., Ceylantekin, Y., Karslı, T.A. (2024). Psychosocial adaptation, marital satisfaction and meaning in life between women with high and low-risk pregnancies. Curr Psychol, 43(1), 15-27 . [DOI:10.1007/s12144-023-05407-1]
27. Park, C. L. (2010). Making sense of the meaning literature: An integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 257-301. [DOI:10.1037/a0018301] [PMID] [PMCID]
28. Pirfalak, M., Atashpour, S. H., & Golparvar, M. (2022). Comparison of the Effect of Existential Therapy and Rational-Emotional Behavioral Therapy on the Meaning of Life and Anger Management of Teenagers with Suicidal Thoughts. Contemporary Psychology, Biannual Journal of the Iranian Psychological Association, 17(2), 140-153. [In Persian]
29. Rahmani Asl, M. R. (2011). Analysis and review of various dimensions of meaning in life. Maarefat Journal, 19(11), 153-165. [In Persian]
30. Safarzadeh, H. (2011). The relationship between forgiveness, perfectionism, intimacy, and life satisfaction. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 5(2), 777-785. [DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-02746-5] [PMID] [PMCID]
31. Shonkoff, J. P., Garner, A. S., Siegel, B. S., Dobbins, M. I., Earls, M. F., McGuinn, L., ... & Wood, D. L. (2012). The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics, 129(1), e232-e246. [DOI:10.1542/peds.2011-2663] [PMID] [PMCID]
32. Taheri, A., Morashi, S. A., Hamid, N., & Bashlideh, K. (2022). Effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on psychological well-being improvement and enhancement of life meaningfulness in mothers of children with intellectual developmental disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 28(1), 20-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.28.1.3046.1 [In Persian] [DOI:10.32598/ijpcp.28.1.3046.1]
33. Tedeschi, R.G., & Calhoun, L.G. (2004). Target Article:"Posttraumatic Growth: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Evidence". Psychological Inquiry. 15(1), 1 -18. [DOI:10.1348/135910707x246177] [PMID]
34. Thompson, L. Y., Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S., Heinze, L., Neufeld, J. E., Shorey, H. S., Roberts, J. C., & Roberts, D. E. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of personality, 73(2), 313-359. [DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00311.x] [PMID]
35. Van Tongeren, D. R., Davis, D. E., Hook, J. N., Davis, E. B., Aten, J. D., & Worthington, E. L., Jr. (2015). Forgiveness increases meaning in life. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(6), 803-815. [DOI:10.1177/1948550614541298]
36. Volkert, J., Härter, M., Dehoust, M. C., Ausín, B., Canuto, A., Da Ronch, C., … Andreas, S. (2017). The role of meaning in life in community-dwelling older adults with depression and relationship to other risk factors. Aging & Mental health , 26(1), 100-106. [DOI:10.1080/13607863.2017.1396576] [PMID]
37. Wang, L. (2025). The impact of childhood trauma on meaning in life among middle school students: the chain-mediating roles of social support and core self-evaluations. BMC psychology, 13(1), 413-423. [DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-02746-5] [PMID] [PMCID]
38. Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide. Guilford Press.

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.