Back to the articles list | Back to browse issues page

XML Persian Abstract Print

Prediction of Executive Functions Based on Metacognition in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Therapy
Zahra Shadfar1 , Mojtaba Rajabpour *2 , Adel Kashefe3
1- Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
2- Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran , mj_rajabpour@yahoo.com
3- University of Brasilia, Brazil
Abstract:   (238 Views) 
Executive functions play a crucial role in individual's ability to plan, organize, and regulate their behavior, which is often impaired in drug addicts, given that metacognition refers to a person's awareness and understanding of their cognitive processes, including their ability to the monitoring and control of thinking refers to this research with the aim of identifying the relationship between executive functions and metacognition in addicted patients undergoing maintenance treatment. In this regard, 160 patients treated with methadone from three different centers in Semnan city were selected by simple random sampling method. Participants completed the Stroop color word test to assess executive function and Well's Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire (MCQ 30). After examining the reliability of the questionnaire, it's validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Data were then analyzed using correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The results indicated that in patients undergoing maintenance treatment, there were significant inverse correlations between positive belief subscales and executive function score (p=0.004) and positive belief subscales and executive function time (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between negative belief subscales and executive function score (p<0.001). The positive beliefs and need for thought control subscales significantly predicted executive function in patients undergoing maintenance treatment. These findings suggest that positive and negative belief subscales are significantly associated with executive function and can predict executive function in these individuals. Understanding this relationship can inform interventions aimed at optimizing treatment outcomes.
Keywords: Executive Function, Metacognition, Addict, Maintenance Treatment
     
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2024/02/6 | Revised: 2025/05/21 | Accepted: 2024/12/5 | ePublished ahead of print: 2025/05/21
References
1. Alimoradi, L. (2011). The comparing activity of brain/behavioral systems and mental health in normal and addict's individuals. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1703-1708. [DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.329]
2. Anderson, V. (1998). Assessing executive functions in children: Biological, psychological, and developmental considerations. Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 8(3),319-349. [DOI:10.1080/713755568]
3. Bellon, E., Fias, W., & De Smedt, B. (2019). More than number sense: The additional role of executive functions and metacognition in arithmetic. Journal of experimental child psychology, 182, 38-60. [DOI:10.1016/j.jecp.2019.01.012] [PMID]
4. Beyabangard S. (2002) Analysis of the metacognitive and cognitive Therapy. Advances in Cognitive Science, 16(4):1-8. [DOI:10.47552/ijam.v11i3.1592 [In Persian,1380]]
5. Daley, D. C., & Marlatt, G. A. (1997). Managing your drug or alcohol problem. Graywind Publications Incorporated. [DOI:10.1151/ascp074145] [PMID] []
6. Darabiyan, P., Ghanbari, S., Sadeghi, H., Jamshidi, Z., Hadi, F., Ghaemi Zade, S., Rafi, A., & Molavynejad, S. (2020). Explaining the role and relationship between spiritual intelligence and hidden anxiety and test anxiety in students: Application of path analysis. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine, 11(3),446-455. [DOI:10.47552/ijam.v11i3.1592]
7. DAYYANI, N., Nouri, A., & Golparvar, M. (2013). The relationship between metacognitive beliefs with saving behavior/hoarding among graduate students. Advances in Cognitive Sciences, 15(3), 41-49 http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-152-en.html [In Persian,1391]
8. Lowinson, J. H. (2011). Lowinson and Ruiz's substance abuse: A comprehensive textbook. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [DOI:10.1001/jama.307.17.1868]
9. Fernández-Serrano, M. J., Pérez-García, M., Perales, J. C., & Verdejo-García, A. (2010). Prevalence of executive dysfunction in cocaine, heroin and alcohol users enrolled in therapeutic communities. European journal of pharmacology, 626(1), 104-112. [DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.10.019] [PMID]
10. Ghaderi, M., Dokaneeifard, F., Jahangir, P. A., & VosoghTaghi Dizej, A. (2021). The Role of Metacognitive Beliefs and Experiential Avoidance in Predicting Psychological Distress with the Mediation of Adaptation to Infertility in Infertile Women. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences, 63(6), 2970-2982. [DOI:10.22038/mjms.2020.17722 [In Persian,1399]]
11. Giugliano, M., Contrada, C., Foglia, L., Francese, F., Romano, R., Dello Iacono, M., & Nicolò, G. (2022). Metacognitive abilities as a protective factor for the occurrence of psychotic-like experiences in a non-clinical population. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 805435. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.805435] [PMID] []
12. Gray, J.A. & McNaughton, N. (2000) The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Oxford University Press, Oxford. [DOI:10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00344-X] [PMID]
13. Hamonniere, T., & Varescon, I. (2018). Metacognitive beliefs in addictive behaviours: A systematic review. Addictive Behaviors, 85, 51-63. [DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.05.018] [PMID]
14. Harangza, M., Goodarzi, M. A., Taghavi, S. M. R., Khormayi, F., & Aflakseir, A. (2014). The predictive role of meta-cognitive beliefs mediated by thought control strategies in obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a non-clinical population. Advances in Cognitive Science. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2015-14586-001 [In Persian,1392]
15. Jenkins, S. S. (2009). Informing therapeutic treatment and practice: A study of recovery histories of non-recidivists (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University).
16. Kräplin, A., Joshanloo, M., Wolff, M., Krönke, K. M., Goschke, T., Bühringer, G., & Smolka, M. N. (2022). The relationship between executive functioning and addictive behavior: new insights from a longitudinal community study. Psychopharmacology, 239(11), 3507-3524. [DOI:10.1007/s00213-022-06224-3] [PMID] []
17. Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "frontal lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive psychology, 41(1), 49-100. [DOI:10.1006/cogp.1999.0734] [PMID]
18. Nejati, V., Sharifian, M., Barzegar, B., Rabiee, F., Shokoufefard, S., Fathi, E., Saniee, S., Shekarchi, K., & Mohammadrajabi, M. (2021). Evaluation of the Validity of a Set of Executive Functions' Tests in a Sample of Iranian Children. Applied Psychology, 15(4). https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_102034.html [In Persian,1399]
19. Pittman, Carlane Jarice, "A study of the relationship between college student experiences and achievement" (2003). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. William & Mary. Paper 1550154143. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25774/w4-m1dm-6578
20. Poormodat, K., & Arefi, Z. (2013). A comparative study of religion and its relation to aggression in‎ addicts, recovered addicts and non-addicted to drug. Health Psychology, 2(5), 90-100. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23221283.1392.2.5.7.9 [In Persian,1391]
21. Shams Esfandabad, H., & Nezhadnaderi, S. (2009). A Comparative Study of the Quality of Life and Religious Attitude Among Addicted / Non-Addicted Individuals in Kerman City. Psychological Studies, 5(1), 139-152. [DOI:10.22051/psy.2009.1595 [In Persian,1387]]
22. Roberts, A. C., Robbins, T. W., & Weiskrantz, L. (Eds.) (1998). The prefrontal cortex: Executive and cognitive functions. Oxford UniversityPress. https://philpapers.org/rec/CROTPC [DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524410.001.0001]
23. Roebers, C. M. (2017). Executive function and metacognition: Towards a unifying framework of cognitive self-regulation. Developmental review, 45, 31-55. [DOI:10.1016/j.dr.2017.04.001]
24. Sardari, B. (2021). The Mediating Role of Metacognition Between Executive Functions
25. and Self-Regulated Learning in Students. Journal of Instruction and Evaluation, 14(53), 133-157. [DOI:10.30495/jinev.2021.683373 [In Persian,1399]]
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.